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Industrial Revolution Essay - 1051 Words

As the Industrial Revolution took place, many drastic changes†¦ technological, social, economic, and cultural also occurred. The Industrial Age brought about a new order that gave rise to the world of skyscrapers, factories of mass-production, and electronic devices that we are accustomed to today. The everyday lives of ordinary people underwent a dramatic change for the better. Before the Industrial Age, people lived very simple and hardworking lives. Any food or clothing they had was produced by themselves on their own farms which they laboured on endlessly with basic, handmade tools. Like their ancestors, people had nearly no understanding of the world beyond their village. They only traveled as far as walking distance or as far as a†¦show more content†¦Abraham Darby also used coal to smelt iron, and the result was a cheaper yet better-quality iron. This iron would be used to produce parts of steam engines, the construction of railroads and iron bridges. The massive textile industry advanced when John Kay developed the flying shuttle as a solution to the slow production under the putting-out-system. James Hargreaves then solved the problem of Kay’s invention with his spinning jenny. Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin that also sped up production in the textile industry. These new inventions resulted in industrial factories taking over Britain. Then came the Transportation Revolution with the steam locomotive and railroads and major railroad lines that crisscrossed Britain, Europe and North America. New technologies spurred on industry and was a huge factor within it. The Industrial Revolution also had great social impacts. As a result of growing industry, people began to move to industrial cities in a movement known as urbanization. Populations in once quiet and simple British towns soared as they became more industrialized. Social classes emerged with the entrepreneurs benefiting the most. They came from a variety of backgrounds and invested their profits in growing factories. On the other hand, a great number of the poor struggled in the new industrial society. They were cramped into tiny roomsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Industrial Revolution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it’s often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before â€Å"the agricultural revolution†, thousands of years between this and the Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrial revolution. BeforeRead More Industrial Revolution Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pageshuman culture since the advent of agriculture eight or ten thousand years ago, was the industrial revolution of eighteenth century Europe. The consequences of this revolution would change irrevocably human labor, consumption, family structure, social structure, and even the very soul and thoughts of the individual. This revolution involved more than technology; to be sure, there had been industrial quot;revolutionsquot; throughout European history and non-European history. In Europe, for instanceRead MoreEssay on Industrial Revolution1279 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution Europe during the eighteenth century was at the height of the industrial revolution, none of which reached America. In New England the population was largely English, but America as a whole had more than 20 ethnic strains present, nowhere in Europe could such a heterogeneous mixture be found. America was unique in its political structure. Americans vested authority in personalities, rather than, as in England, in institutions of tradition. As a people they had been stripedRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesDue to the Industrial Revolution, many changes started occurring in this new era such as the factories began to use more mechanics, limiting skill needed to produce products as well as hastening the harvesting of raw materials. Secondarily there was a huge standard of living and wage drop in cities due to urbanization which occurred after the factories created an abundance of jobs. Also, there was a huge shift in the population and there was a massive pop ulation growth due to the excess food andRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution During the 1800s, phenomenal changes took place in America. These changes would impact our society incredibly for years to come and even still in the present. The major changes that took place were in transportation and industry. American society expanded so much in the early 1800s that it very well could have been the only time in history where this happened in such a short amount of time. From steamboats to railroads and from textile mills to interchangeable partsRead MoreEssay on Industrial Revolution729 Words   |  3 Pages How Did The Industrial Revolution Affect A Person’s Quality of Life? One’s quality of life is defined as the degree of well-being felt by a person or a group of persons. It is concerned with a citizen’s consumption of goods and services, human rights and the environment. The industrial revolution have produced great wealth to many citizens that influences their state of well being. Others may argue that the changes and advancements in society have brought the burden of scarce resources, diseasesRead More industrial revolution Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagespart of the 18th century, a new revolution gripped the world that we were not ready for (Perry, 510). This revolution was not a political one, but it would lead to many implications later in its existence (Perry, 510). Neither was this a social or Cultural Revolution, but an economic one (Perry, 510). The Industrial revolution, as historians call it, began the modern world. It began the world we live in today and our way of life in that world. It is called a revolution because the chan ges it made wereRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution Introduction to the Revolution The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change marked by the general introduction of power-driven machinery. This change generally helped life, but it had its disadvantages as well. Pollution, such as Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere rose, working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture and mans way of looking at life allRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Industrial Revolution The Agriculture Revolution was a time when people worked the land by using simple hand tools. By the 1800’s, most people in Western Europe and the United States lived on farms. The nation’s economy was based on farming and the making of goods by hand and trading. They lived in rural areas in little cottages lit with firelight and candles. They made their own clothes and grew their own food. The system of making your own clothes was called the putting out systemRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesConditions of laborers and the role of women in society has been constantly evolving over the course of history. However, these two major groups experienced the most drastic alterations during the Industrial Revolution. Between the 19th and early 20th centuries, laborers diversified in age, while labor conditions declined. During this same time period, the role of women was reinvented as females searched for work and changed their role within the family. To begin, industrialization was the instigator

Language In A Clockwork Orange Essay Example For Students

Language In A Clockwork Orange Essay A man who cannot choose ceases to be a man.Anthony BurgessA Clockwork Orange is a novel about moral choice and free will. Alexs story shows what happens when an individuals right to choose is robbed for the good of society. The first and last chapters place Alex in more or less the same physical situation but his ability to exercise free will leads him to diametrically opposite choicesgood versus evil. The phrase, whats it going to be then, eh?, echoes throughout the book; only at the end of the novel is the moral metamorphosis complete and Alex is finally able to answer the question, and by doing so affirms his freedom of choice. The capacity to choose freely is the attribute that distinguishes humans from robots; thus the possibility of true and heartfelt redemption remains open even to the most hardened criminal. A Clockwork Orange is a parable that reflects the Christian concept of sin followed by redemption. Alexs final and free choice of the good, by leaving behind the violence he had embraced in his youth, brings him to a higher moral level than the forced docility of his conditioning, which severed his ability to choose and grow up. The question, whats it going to be then, eh, is asked at the beginning of each section of the novel. In the first and third part it is asked by Alex, but in the second part it is asked by the prison chaplain. The answer does not come until the end of the novel when Alex grows up and exercises his ability to choose. He progresses to become a responsible and discriminating individual, escaping the clockwork that binds the rest of society. A Clockwork Orange opens with Alex and his buddies outside the Korova Milkbar deciding what they were going to do for the evening. Alex acts on his impulses to do evil. He is driven by cause and effect relationships. When Alex wants something, he simply goes out and gets it. If he needs money, he steals it; if he wants to let out his aggression, he beats people up; if he wants sex, he rapes; if his droogs do not listen to him, he teaches them a lesson. He feels no remorse when stealing, raping or murdering innocent victims. Man possesses potential for both good and evil. Alexs decision cannot be blamed on any outside factor, it is simply something from within that drives him to lead and participate in evil acts. After a series of bad deeds, Alex ends up in prison, and becomes subject to a government-sponsored treatment called Ludovicos Technique. The technique is a scientific experiment designed to take away moral choice from criminals. The technique conditions a person to feel intense pain and nausea whenever they have a violent thought. The key moral theme of A Clockwork Orange is articulated during a chat between the alcoholic prison chaplain and Alex two weeks before he enters treatment. He reflects on the moral questions raised by the treatment that will force Alex to be good. Does God want goodness or the choice of goodness? Is a man who chooses the bad perhaps in some way better than a man who has the good imposed on him? The government experiment fails to realize that good and evil come from within the self. The Ludovico Technique messes with Alexs internal clockwork. He transforms into a being that is unable to distinguish good from evil. The altering of his personality makes him, as decent a lad as you would meet on a May morning, unvicious, unviolentinclined to the kindly word and helpful act, but his actions are dictated only by self-interest to avoid the horrible sickness that comes along with evil thoughts. He has no real choice, he ceases to be a wrongdoer. He ceases also to be a creature of moral choice. Being stripped of his free will, Alex is no longer a human he is the governments toy. Choosing to be deprived of the ability to make an ethical choice does not mean you have in a sense really chosen the good. Alex undergoes the treatment and his free will disappears. A Clockwork Orange was written in the early 1960s at a time when Communism was a serious threat to western democracies. Burgess believed that the Communist project shifted moral responsibility from the individual to the state. Alexs treatment exemplified such a transfer of moral responsibility on a smaller scale. The governments conditioning, by robbing Alex of this capacity, makes him inhuman; he becomes, as F. Alexander puts it, a little machine capable only of good. As a little machine, Alex is unable to choose the good, although he may perform good acts. This is what the chaplain is referring to when he says to Alex, You are passing now to a region where you will be beyond the reach of the power of prayer. By committing evil acts and exercising his right to choose, the possibility of true and heartfelt redemption is open to him. Burgess, with the chaplain, takes the Christian moral position that its the free choice to do good, and not the good action, that really matters; in an interview, he said, I still maintain, more than ever I did, that its the only thing we have, that this capacity to choose is the big human attribute.Upon Alexs release he realizes his change of role in society from the victimiz er to the victim. When the question is asked again Alex realizes he cant choose what his plans for the night will entail. He cant fight back when he is attacked by the old cronies, or when Dim and rival gang leader, Billy Boy beat him up. Alexs deadened mind and body are subject to their revenge. He has no control over his actions, and feels like he would be better off dead. Alex undergoes many changes during his adolescent years. He starts out as a malevolent gang leader full of ill will. He commits crimes for the experience itself, taking pleasure in raping, beating and killing innocent people. He comes from loving parents and a good neighborhood proving that the evil stems from something inside him. His parole officer questions his character by asking him, is it some devil that crawls inside you, that makes you act as you do. He fantasizes about nailing Jesus to the cross, which exemplifies the extreme evil workings of his mind. Alex is recaptured by government; the Ludovico Tech nique is reversed and his ability to make free choices is restored. The question, whats it going to be then, eh? is asked one final time when Alex is released with the capacity to choose between good and evil. He redeems himself by affirming his freedom to choose. Even though he first goes back to his old ways as a hooligan, he grows tired of that life. Alexs character grows as he contemplates what it means to be a good citizen in society. He grows bored with violence and recognizes that human energy is better expended on creation rather than destruction. In the first part of the novel Alex acts without consideration and forethought, he is not truly free. As a teenage criminal he asserts the power he possesses to choose, by emphatically choosing evil. He reflects on his life in the last chapter and becomes conscious that being young is like being a tin wind-up toy that itties in a straight line and bangs straight into things and it cannot help what it is doing. As he grows morally h e begins to reflect more on his actions, and, in doing so, he works his way toward a more complete and real freedom. His final and free choice at the end of the novel demonstrates that good along with evil come from inside. The question whats it going to be then, eh,? repeats throughout the novel and shows Alex as a different individual every time. It should be noted that the governments conditioning did nothing to change Alexs mentality. Burgess portrayed Alex as an extremely evil character on purpose to show that each individual is in charge of his destiny. The character was still an emerging human being that had to go through a moral metamorphosis. Alex, the clockwork figure, was impelled towards evil but transformed into a useful member of society, on account of his free will to choose good. Bibliography1.O My Brothers. Davis, Todd F. Womack, Kenneth. College Literature; Spring 2002. Vol 29. Issue 2. pg 18-192.Bog or God. Craig, Roger. ANQ Fall 2003. Vol 16. Issue 4. pg 513.A C lockwork Orange. Wallich, Paul. IEEE Spectrum. July 2003. Vol 40. Issue 7. pg 424.A Clockwork Orange. Ingersoll, Earl. Explicator. Fall 1986. Vol 45. Issue 1. pg 605.A Clockwork Orange. Coleman, Julian. Explicator. Fall 1983 Vol 42. Issue 1. pg 62

Research methods in the media industry Essay Example

Research methods in the media industry Paper There’s a whole variety of reasons why research is undertaken in the media industry and there’s also a number of different ways to carry out research to acquire the different forms of information required. This report will be discussing the following in detail audience research, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, primary research and secondary research lastly consumer awareness. Why we research in the media industry? As I said before research is undertaken for a variety of reasons. It might be so the director knows what they possibility may need to adjust in their production based on what it’s about, and this is known as content analysis where the producer and the director will research the subject matter to gather information to include into the final production. In addition research might also be undertaken be aware of legal restrictions for instance copyright infringement simply when you want to use the same ideas or the same content you will require written consent from the person who originally invented or owns the idea, in most cases copyright infringement doesnt protect the underlying ideas, it also doesn’t protect facts. For instance, copyright doesnt stop or limit you from expressing in your own words thoughts and facts that originate in any sources you read or view however you must give appropriate credit to the sources in which they originated from. We will write a custom essay sample on Research methods in the media industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research methods in the media industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research methods in the media industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For instance, there have been several, Alien based films, however only one E. T. Audience research Media products all have a target audience which could be defined by several factors, including age, gender as well as demographics. Whether it’s a chat show, daily newspaper, film or any other media form, each has a clear target audience. You must beware that audiences are not the same besides the audience research tells the producer what most applies to the audience how they can take advantage of what applies to the audience. They may watch previously released films/programmes and find out if they were successful at appealing to that audience. On the other hand they can observe a group viewing of a series premiere to see the group’s reaction and see if they’ve met their expectations and getting a calculation from the observation to see if they need to make some alterations to the production. Additionally Producers may also use BARB to find out further details about their selected audience what exactly is appealing to them after that discus features that will be in the production. Qualitative research methods Qualitative methods are better for finding more descriptive data and opinions because you interact with the research which lets you to explain any misunderstood questions and to go into further detail meaning you get a more factual answer. Methods that are categories under qualitative research range from case studies, interviews, diary analysis and focus groups. For instance the producers of a film will pick out a group which has the profile of their target audience, and will show them the film. This can be done both pre and post release if the film is not performing as well as predicted. The producer could then use the focus group’s response to alter or completely rethink, or even go ahead and take nothing on board and confirm the look and content of the film. Quantitative research methods Quantitative research mainly is numerical data. It could be used by producers of a film or by the company which is marketing it. UK based TV company’s use the( Broadcasters Audience Research Board) BARB for short to analyse viewing ratings, plus radio station use ( Radio Joint Audience Research Limited) short for RAJAR will view the listening numbers. Qualitative and quantitative methods are constantly used together in order to research the habits and preference of the target audience. In order to identify the profile of the audience, producers may look at current demographic models has on age or gender, or they may try to create a new audience for their film. Creating a new audience is much harder to accomplish additionally a producer may have to come up with a film which is appealing to those that feel there’s a gap in the industry, or gather a group of individuals together who all desire a possible reinvasion in the market. Finally when a target audience has been recognized, the film producer will then target the audience by using a series of carefully organised ad campaigns. The films could be promoted in newspapers that the target audience reads, also online sites which are frequently visited by the target audience, or show an ad when you’re guaranteed the most viewers such as champion’s league games or X factor episodes. Primary research methods Primary research is any research that’s done by an individual first hand. There’s a wide range of techniques for primary research from focus groups, interviews, observations and questionnaires, all come under as primary since questions are being asked directly this is research that is done first hand. Primary research is more suitable for finding out detailed information since you wouldn’t have to rely on anyone else’s results to be correct since the individual would have gathered the necessary information themselves so they know everything was done exactly how they wanted so the information is reliable. Primary research can come in the categories of both qualitative and quantitative research since there’s a variety of ways to conduct this research. Detailed look at a few the primary research techniques Questionnaires are regularly used by researchers when they need to gather essential information from a number of people targeting certain groups by age, ethnicity, and gender even social class. There practically surveys that can be sent on the internet in the post or hand out person to person. It’s easy to analyse questionnaires since its just basically gathering numbers, in addition it’s a much cheaper but sometimes a more time consuming process to gather information. Then again on the down side questionnaires aren’t able to get hold of, detailed information since they typically have closed questions yes or no type or the listed options provided in questionnaire. Another potential problem with questionnaire is that the individual taking part in the questionnaire may get the wrong end of the stick about a particular question or just not understand completely. For that reason the individual organising the questionnaire may possibly not get the right results from the questionnaire. Possible way to evade this you could do a pilot study to examine the questionnaire and make any necessary alterations after. Interview: interviews can be divided into three areas structured, semi structured, unstructured interviews. Structured: Structured interviews stick to a specific guideline with set questions sticking to the ones written. Semi structured: Semi structured interviews have some questions however questions can be added on the spot to go into more detail with the questions. Unstructured: lastly unstructured interviews have no questions set. The interviewer will bring up a topic with some questions in their head, similar to a casual conversation than anything. Interviews are mainly qualitative forms of research this method of research can very fruitful to the researcher since you are capable of going into more detail and thus gather further information for your research. On the other hand, the questions asked in an interview may be bias if the interviewer has their personal biased viewpoint placing their opinion in the questions. This may be done by the interviewer if they ask leading questions for instance. Tell us the reason why you like this film, instead of do you like the film. Secondary research methods Secondary research is gathered information that was done by someone else and made accessible to the public. For instance through archives, the internet, and other media outlets such as the news all of these come under secondary data since the information that you receive from these sources is information that the individual never gathered themselves. Potentially secondary research maybe unreliable option of researching since the individual can’t be sure that everything written is accurate since they never carried out the research themselves and they can’t test it and get the same results. On the plus side secondary research is significantly cheaper and faster process to use since the information has been completed for you already by someone else. Detailed look at a few the secondary research techniques The most common practice of secondary research done nowhere days is on the internet to think not too long ago we spent while copy the information on a copy machine. With the vast amount of online resources, traditional means of research done by books seem out dated. It’s now common for a student to complete an essay without opening a single book. However there are always pros and cons with any new technology. Some people like to say there’s a skill involved in finding a book in the library and searching. An Individual can ignore the entire topic that was read thoroughly for pertinent information. This may lead to more people getting the wrong end of the stick and not understanding the subject matter. But it’s a free vast amount of information; free for use for anybody much easier and less process, as well as getting qualitative information and opinions including polls, surveys, are simpler with the internet, assuming you’re aware of where you’re getting your information from. That could lead to a con since it’s not wise to use information from an unaccredited source, not from opinion based sites a lot of these sites around that look creditable but are far from it Consumer awareness. Consumer awareness is the understanding that a consumer is knows his or her legal rights and duties. It’s essential for a consumer to stick to these rights. It’s implemented for the protection of the consumer, so the consumer is not exploited. But the producers may look into consumer awareness to discover if their ad campaign successful or if it’s unsuccessful. NRS The National Readership Survey NRS for short is provides the most dependable and respected audience research in operation for the advertising sector in the UK. The NRS reports on over 250 of the UK’s mainstream newspapers and magazines, you get a sense of the size and nature of the audiences they attract. In this always evolving digital age the NRS still create partnerships with the leading digital data sources providing a clearer vision of the combined total audience future. This is a great source for gathering information since data posted on this site are available without subscription. Already prepared for producers and so on only thing to do now is compare. Company Structure. NRS Ltd is regulated and for the most part funded by three shareholders (IPA) The Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (NPA) The Newspaper Publishers Association (PPA) The Periodical Publishers Association Why are the surveys so important? The way surveys are carried out affects the estimations it produces. Particularly for media measurement surveys NRS randomly selects individual aged 15+ in the UK. Only the chosen individuals may be interviewed to ensure that the surveys are clear and representative. The demographic characteristics won’t have the same reading habits according to their lifestyle and availability. It’s better for NRS to use random testing to reduce the favouritism towards people who are available for interview than others. The Interviews Structure A nonstop survey, all 12 months of the year, 7 days a week Total number: around 36,000 interviews a year with adults aged 15+ per year A random sample: interviews only conducted at randomly selected addresses with randomly selected individuals The average time for an hour takes half an hour.