Victims of Sin

Victims of Sin Sin affects everyone in every way. Sin is one of the main themes in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter". We most vividly see the affects of sin through Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl.A scarlet letter was worn to show openly someone's sin. Hester Prynne wore a scarlet letter "A" on her bosom which signifies adultery. She had a child, Pearl, with a man who was not her husband. Because she sinned and broke the seventh commandment, she became an outcast in society. She used to be looked upon as one of the most beautiful women in the town. Hawthorne describes her as "being beautiful from regularity of feature....she was lady-like, too" (50). However, after she stood on the scaffold, women called her a "brazen hussy" (51).Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale had an affair with a married woman, Hester Prynne. As a result of the affair, Pearl was born.English: Engraving of American author Nathaniel Ha...

Bsnl Training Essay Example

Bsnl Training Essay Example Bsnl Training Essay Bsnl Training Essay mzn, who permitted me for the practical training in their Department. I am also grateful to all Technical Staff of B. S. N. L. whose transcendent thoughts were the tremendous source of inspiration and encouragement, which will be definitely important for me as far my future is concerned. They explained primary techniques in a very easy manner. I also extend my gratitude to whole staff of B. S. N. L. , Muzaffarnagar, for their kind cooperation. CONTENTS Page No.  ¦ Company Profile 4-5  ¦ Vision, Mission and Objectives 6  ¦ Broadband Services 9 Technology Used 10  ¦ Wired Line 11-17  ¦ Wireless Line 18-26  ¦ Bibliography 12 COMPANY PROFILE On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations, Government of India became a corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Today, BSNL is the largest Public Sector Undertaking of India and its responsibilities include improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of telecom network introduction of new telecom services in all villages and instilling confidence among its customers. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is Worlds 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Presently it is one of the largest leading public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customers confidence. Today, it has about 47. 3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 48. 11 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 44966 BTS, 3140 Node B ( 3G BTS), 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5. Lakhs villages. BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook corner of country and operates across India except Delhi Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier an d North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0. 6 million DataOne broadband customers. The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 49. 09 million cellular customers, garnering 16. 98 percent of all mobile users in its area of operation as its subscribers. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35. 1 million Basic Phone subscribers i. e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 47 millions lines to 125 million lines by December 2007 and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16. 67 million) in the next three years. The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India. VISION, MISSION OBJECTIVES VISION: To become the largest telecom Service Provider in   Asia. MISSION: To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services to its customers on demand at competitive prices. To Provide world class telecom infrastructure in its area of operation and to contribute to the growth of  the  countrys economy. OBJECTIVES: (1) To be the Lead Telecom Services Provider. (2) To provide mobile telephone service of high quality and become no. 1 GSM operator in its area of operation. (3) To provide point of interconnection to other service provider as per their requirement promptly. 4) Contribute towards: (i) National Plan Target of 500 million subscriber base for India by 2010. (ii) Providing telephone connection in villages as per government policy. (iii) Implementation of Triple play as a regular commercial proposition. (5) To facilitate R D activity in the country. Voice The majority of all telecommunication today uses Digital techniques, and the dominance of digital is so strong that in this text we will neglect Analog communication almost completely. When communicating voice digitally, the sound waves in the air must be digitalized. This is done by sampling the sound waves: measuring their shape, and converting this measurement into numbers. These numbers are a digital form of the voice signal. At the receiver, the measurement values (called samples) are used to reconstruct the original sound wave. To be able to reconstruct the voice with sufficient quality, the number of samples taken (called the Sampling-rate) and the accuracy of each sample (called the Resolution) must be sufficient. This is a trade-off, because the more samples, the more digital numbers needs to be transmitted, and this costs money. As a good compromise for understandable voice, the telecom community agreed to take 8000 samples per second, each 8 bits precise. This will not result into perfect audio-quality, but it is enough to understand the person on the other side of the line. As you are converting the sound waves to digital numbers, you create a continuous stream of information flow: every second you generate transport terminate 8000*8 = 64000 bits. This amount is called the Bit-rate. As a result a single digital voice connection is often referred to as a 64 kbps (kilo-bits-per-second). This continuous stream lasts as long as the phone conversation lasts, typically a few minutes. Note: As a comparison, an audio CD signal uses 44100 samples per second, each 16 bit precision, and two channels (left+right) to provide stereo. You will agree that CD sound quality is much better than a phone-line, but the price for this is that you need to transport 1. 411 Mbps for the CD (mega-bits-per-second), where only 64 kbps for a telephone line. Data When computers or machines communicate with each other, they usually dont send a continuous stream of information. Typically a computer needs some limited input data, then processes this, and responds with a limited amount of result data. Therefore data communication is using the concept of information packets a group of information bits. So one computer sends a packet of input to the other computer, which processes it, and then returns a packet with the results. BROADBAND SERVICES Broadband is often called high-speed Internet, because it usually has a high rate of data transmission. In general, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0. 256 Mbit/s) or more is considered broadband Internet. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has defined broadband as 256 kbit/s in at least one direction and this bit rate is the most common baseline that is marketed as broadband around the world. Telecommunication regulatory authority of India(TRAI) defines broadband as â€Å"an always on data connection that is able to support interactive services including internet access has the capability of the minimum download speed of 256Kbps to an individual subscriber from the point of presence of the service provider intending to provide broadband service where multiple uch individual broadband connections are aggregated the subscriber is able to access these interactive services including the internet through the POP. The interactive services will include any services for which a separate license is specifically required. For example- real time voice transmission, except to the extent that it is presently permitted under ISP license with internet Telephony†. TECHNOLOGY USED Broadband access technology is classified into two categories: Wired Line * DSL (Digital subscriber’s line) * Cable Modem * PLC (power line communication) * Optical fibre technologies Wireless Line * 3G Mobile Wi-Fi (Wireless fidelity) * Wi-Max * FSO (Free space optical) * LMDS MMDS * Satellite Wired Line: * DSL: Digital subscriber lines apply modern digital techniques on twisted pair medium to deliver new services over existing infrastructure. The bandwidth and quality of a typical analog telephone line is relatively low (300 3400 Hz). This is mainly because there is a wide variety of types, lengths, qualities, etc of twisted pairs used, and an analog line must assume the worst-case common denominator of all. However, todays more powerful signal processing and computing techniques allow building equipment hat adapts to each particular twisted pair, optimizing the use of it case by case, and resulting in much higher throughputs. For the Telecom operator, the advantages are: * No additional cable-cost: uses existing telephone line. * Telephone network is not used for data-services, like accessing the Internet. Telephone networks are dimensioned for phone calls, not for accessing the Internet. For example the average phone call duration is 100 seconds, when surfing the Internet this is much longer, resulting in congestion in the telephone network. Advantages for the end-user: High throughput up to Mbps. * Telephone is still available when surfing the Internet, telephone and data-services can be used at the same time. HDSL XDSL is a family name for a number of similar techniques. The x is a placeholder for several variants of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). The first one, which was developed, was High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) It is a symmetrical technique, the same bandwidth is available in both directions. HDSL is typically deployed in the network where 2. 048 Mbps are needed, but only twisted pair (no coax or fiber) is a vailable. ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is the best-known variant of XDSL: The main principles are the same, but the bandwidths are divided Asymmetrical: more bandwidth is made available from network to user (Downstream) then from network to user (Upstream). This matches with typical residential applications, Such as: * Video-on-Demand (VOD): video, typically a few Mbps going downstream, with the user control (selecting the video, play, stop, rewind, etc) only a few kbps going upstream. * Internet: WEB-contents going downstream are megabytes; user requests are only a few hundred bytes. Figure: Internet Access Provider, ADSL VDSL Digital subscriber lines make a trade-off between bandwidth and distance: the shorter the line, the higher the throughput. As a result of this, a number of variants of DSL-techniques are being developed, from long distance – low bandwidth to short distance high bandwidth. Another parameter is the division of Upstream/Downstream bandwidth. This can be: * Symmetrical: the same in each direction, * Asymmetrical, fixed * Asymmetrical, dynamic: the total bandwidth, upstream+downstream is fixed, but at any time this total can be assigned in a certain ratio to either direction. New DSL variants using these new techniques are called Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Figure: Different DSL technique CABLE MODEM A cable modem with a splitter can provide Internet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a LAN. * Tuner converts TV channel to a fixed lower frequency (6 to 40 Mhz). * Demodulator performs A/D demodulation, error correction MPEG synchronization. * MAC extracts data from MPEG frames, filters data for other cable modem, runs the protocol. * Burst modulator performs RS encoding modulation frequency conversion/A conversion. Interface can be PCI bus, universal serial bus, Ethernet or others. Figure : -Cable Modem POWER-LINE COMMUNICATION(PLC) This is a new service still in its infancy that may eventually permit broadband Internet data to travel down standard high-voltage power lines. Broadband over power lines (BPL), also known as Power line communication, has developed faster in Europe than in the US due to a historical difference in power system design philosophies. Nearly all large power grids transmit power at high voltages in order to reduce transmission losses, then near the customer use step-down transformers to reduce the voltage. Since BPL signals cannot readily pass through transformers, repeaters must be attached to the transformers. In the US, it is common for a small transformer hung from a utility pole to service a single house. In Europe, it is more common for a somewhat larger transformer to service 10 or 100 houses. For delivering power to customers, this difference in design makes little difference, but it means delivering BPL over the power grid of a typical US city will require an order of magnitude more repeaters than would be required in a comparable European city. The second major issue is signal strength and operating frequency. The system is expected to use frequencies in the 10 to 30 MHz range, which has been used for decades by licensed amateur radio operators, as well as international shortwave broadcasters and a variety of communications systems (military, aeronautical, etc. ). However there are some disadvantages of using PLC communication: N/w characterstics devices can advesely affect signal strength quality. Electronic loads nearby high frequency radiation sources may cause high frequency noise that interferes BPL. Some PLC systems are not fully operable at very low or no load without battery backup. Physics limits frequency on power lines to ; 100 Mhz. BPL is not likely to be available soon for high voltage(;66Kv)power lines. Conventional electronic surge arrestors severely attenuate BPL signals. OPTIC-FIBRE TECHNOLOGY Currently fibre costs are high as compared to copper but there is a trend towards decreasing costs of optical fibre cables and photonics employed. To carry same information as one fibre cable we would need hundreds of reels of twisted wire copper cables. Fibre is 23 times lighter than copper cable 36 times less in cross section. Advantages Of Optic-Fibre Communication: Small Size and Weight: Optical fibers have very small diameters which are often no greater than the diameter of a human hair. Hence, even when such fibers are covered with protective coatings they are far smaller and much lighter than corresponding copper cables. This is a tremendous boon towards the alleviation of duct congestion in cities, as well as allowing for an expansion of signal transmiss ion within mobiles such as aircraft, satellites and even ships. Signal Security: The light from optical fibers does not radiate significantly and therefore they provide a high degree of signal security. Unlike the situation with copper cables, a transmitted optical signal cannot be obtained from a fiber in a noninvasive manner (i. e. without drawing optical power from the fiber). Therefore, in theory, any attempt to acquire a message signal transmitted optically may be detected. This feature is obviously attractive for military, banking and general data transmission (i. e. computer network) application. Ruggedness and Flexibility:- Although protective coatings are essential, optical fibers may be manufactured with very high tensile strengths. Perhaps surprisingly for a glassy substance, the fibers may also be bent to quite small radii or twisted without damage. Furthermore cable structures have been developed which have proved flexible, compact and extremely rugged. Taking the size and weight advantage into account, these optical fiber cables are generally superior in terms of storage, transportation, handling and installation to corresponding copper cables, whilst exhibiting at least comparable strength and durability. System Reliability And Ease Of Maintenance :- These features primarily stem from the low loss property of optical fiber cables which reduces the equirement for intermediate repeaters or line amplifiers to boost the transmitted signal strength. Hence with fewer repeaters, system furthermore, the reliability of the optical components is no longer a problem with predicted lifetimes of 20 to 30 years now quite common. Both these factors also tend to reduce maintenance time and costs. Enormous Potential Bandw idth: The optical carrier frequency in the range 1013 to 1016 Hz (generally in the near infrared around 1014 Hz or 105 GHz) yields a far greater potential transmission bandwidth than metallic cable systems. i. e. coaxial cable bandwidth up to around 500 MHz) or even millimetre wave radio systems (i. e. systems currently operating with modulation bandwidths of 700 MHz ). At present, the bandwidth available to fiber systems is not fully utilized but modulation at several gigahertz over a hundred kilometers and hundreds of megahertz over three hundred kilometers without intervening electronics (repeaters) is possible. Therefore, the information – carrying capacity of optical fiber systems has proved far superior to the best copper cable systems. Wireless Line: * Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth enables these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. The devices use a radio communications system, so they do not have to be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough. Bluetooth exists in many products, such as telephones, printers, modems and headsets. The technology is useful when transferring information between two or more devices that are near each other in low-bandwidth situations. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data with telephones (i. e. with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring files). Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery and setup of services between devices. Any Bluetooth device can, in theory, host any other Bluetooth device. This makes using services easier because there is no longer a need to set up network addresses or permissions as in many other network. More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include: Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands-free headset. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular. Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required. Wireless communications with PC input and output devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and printer. Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices. For controls where infrared was traditionally used. Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices. Future of Bluetooth: * Broadcast Channel: enables Bluetooth information points. This will drive the adoption of Bluetooth into mobile phones, and enable advertising models based around users pulling information from the information points, and not based around the object push model that is used in a limited way today. Topology Management: enables the automatic configuration of the piconet topologies especially in scatternet situations that are becoming more common today. This should all be invisible to the users of the technology, while also making the technology just work. * Alternate MAC PHY: enables the use of alternative MAC and PHYs for transporting Bluetooth profile data. The Bluetooth Radio will still be used for device discovery, initial connection and profile configuration, however when lots of data needs to be sent, the high speed alternate MAC PHYs will be used to transport the data. This means that the proven low power connection models of Bluetooth are used when the system is idle, and the low power per bit radios are used when lots of data needs to be sent. * QoS improvements: enable audio and video data to be transmitted at a higher quality, especially when best effort traffic is being transmitted in the same piconet. Figure: -A typical Bluetooth USB dongle * 3-G Mobile: 2. 54 3 G falls into the category of broadband access. 2. 5G- GSM (EDGE/GPRS), CDMA 3G-VMTS/WCDMA, CDMA, speed achieved by 3G is 384K(M),2048K(S) Technology| 3G| Frequency Band| 1. 8-2. 5 GHz| Bandwidth| 5-20 MHz| Data Rate| Up-to 2 Mbps| Access| W-CDMA| FEC| Turbo-Codes| Switching| Cirsuit/Packet| Figure: -3G Services * Wi-Fi: A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC, game console, cell phone, MP3 player or PDA can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. The coverage of one or more interconnected access points - called a hotspot - can comprise an area as small as a single room with wireless-opaque walls or as large as many square miles covered by overlapping access points. Wi-Fi technology has served to set up mesh networks, for example, in London. Both architectures can operate in community networks. In addition to restricted use in homes and offices, Wi-Fi can make access publicly available at Wi-Fi hotspots provided either free of charge or to subscribers to various providers. Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-hoc network) mode, which enables devices to connect directly with each other. This connectivity mode can prove useful in consumer electronics and gaming applications. Figure : -A keychain size Wi-Fi detector. Operational advantages: Wi-Fi allows LANs (Local Area Networks) to be deployed without cabling for client devices, typically reducing the costs of network deployment and expansion. Spaces where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and historical buildings, can host wireless LANs. * WiMAX WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular-type access. The technology provides upto 70 Mb/sec symmetric broadband speed without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802. 16 standard (also called WirelessMAN). The name WiMAX was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. Uses: The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications: * Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet. * Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last mile broadband access. * Providing data and telecommunications services. Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. * Providing portable connectivity. Comparison with Wi-Fi: Comparisons and confusion between WiMAX and Wi-Fi are frequent, possibly because both begin with the same two letters, are based upon IEEE standards beginning with 802. , and are related to wireless connectivity and Internet access. However, the two standards are aimed at different applications. WiMAX is a long-range system, covering many miles/kilometers that typically uses licensed spectrum (although it is possible to use unlicensed spectrum) to deliver a point-to-point connection to the Internet from an ISP to an end user. Different 802. 16 standards provide different types of access, from mobile (similar to a cellphone) to fixed (an alternative to wired access, where the end users wireless termination point is fixed in location. ) * Wi-Fi is generally a shorter range system, typically tens of yards/meters, though its range can be extended to over a kilometer using directional antennas. Wi-Fi uses unlicensed spectrum to provide access to a network. Typically Wi-Fi is used by an end user to access his/her own network, which may or may not be connected to the Internet. If WiMAX provides services analogous to a cellphone, Wi-Fi is similar to a cordless phone. * WiMAX and Wi-Fi have quite different Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms. WiMAX uses a mechanism based on connections between the Base Station and the user device. Each connection is based on specific scheduling algorithms, which means that QoS parameters can be guaranteed for each flow. Wi-Fi has introduced a QoS mechanism similar to fixed Ethernet, where packets can receive different priorities based on their tags. This means that QoS is relative between packets/flows, as opposed to guaranteed. * WiMAX is highly scalable from what are called femto-scale remote stations to multi-sector maxi scale base that handle complex tasks of management and mobile handoff functions and include MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. * LMDS: Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) is a radio-based access system. A fixed base-antenna (typically on a high building or tower) called Hub, services a number of users, which are also fixed. (Customer antenna on top of building). The access has a broadband capacity it can be used for all kinds of telecom services: * POTS or ISDN telephony. * Data services such as LAN interconnect, ATM, IP networks, etc. * Digital Video broadcasting. And potential customers are: * Businesses * Schools, Libraries, Health care providers * Residential consumers Each Hub is at the center of cell, a few kilometers in size, containing hundreds or thousands of users. Interconnections between hubs are typically done through fiber-optic core networks. The radio frequencies used are in the range 28 GHz to 42 GHz. This requires line-of-sight between hub and end-user. The word Local in LMDS refers to the relative short distance, or small cell-size. The words Multipoint Distribution refers to the point to multipoint nature. Figure 36: Local Multipoint Distribution Services * Free Space Optics (FSO): It is optical wireless, point-to-point line of sight broadband technology that is an alternative to fiber optic cable systems. It can transmit up to 1. 25 Gbps at a distance of 4 miles. * Satellite: It offers two-way Internet access via satellite orbiting the earth about 22000 miles above equator. PC through a special satellite modem broadcasts the requests to the satellite dish located on top of the roof / building which in turn transmits receives signal from the satellites. But it is slower in uplink as well as in downlink. BIBLIOGRAPHY (1) www. bsnl. co. in (2) www. wikipedia. org (3) www. howstuffworks. com (4) www. esnips. com

Sonny's Blues (the story) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sonny's Blues (the story) - Essay Example In creating the characters of Sonny’s Blue, Baldwin has used the typical old idea of the ‘good and bad’ and made the two brothers the antagonist of each other. The elder brother, who narrates the story, is a very mature and sensible person, works as a teacher and is highly protective and concerned about his younger sibling. In contrast, the younger lad, Sonny, is said to be quite immature and does have neither the courage nor the will to withstand the pressures of the society. He deliberately indulges himself in drugs and music, considering them an escape route. Despite all the efforts the elder brother makes to help him adjust rightfully in the society, Sonny still gives in to the social pressures and becomes both a drug addict and a singer. He chooses Jazz music for his songs especially because he thinks that such a type of music allows him great liberty to express out the aggression and frustration that continues to build up inside him day by day. Brotherly love, affection and concern are what make the elder brother oppose the lifestyle the younger one has adopted. His opposition and Sonny’s stubbornness ultimately results in confrontation and conflict between the two of them and finally to an end of the friendship the two shared amongst themselves. The tension is great to such extent between the two that the younger tells the elder one to consider him dead from that moment on after they end up fighting really bad one night. Sadly, the elder brother behaves as immaturely as Sonny and turns his back on him too. It is only a whole year later that the elder one hears about Sonny, that too from a newspaper which says that he has been arrested by the police officials on charges of drug addiction. He then feels guilty and blames himself for the mess his brother has got into, thinking he should not have given up on him no matter what the circumstances were. Also,

Module Five Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Module Five Assignment - Essay Example Thus, there prevails a requirement of maintaining fairness of opportunity and selection on the basis of educational qualification by reasonable and open competition in relation to the job criteria. The ‘Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’ in the United States abides by the ADA while recruiting people for certain job positions. The act is meant for defending people with disabilities against discrimination (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d). In the case of recruitment in ‘Tumor Registry Position’, it has been identified that the disabled applicant possesses good experience on tumor registry tasks. Furthermore, the applicant is also a certified ‘Registered Health Information Technician’ which is considered quite appropriate for the job position. However, the major disadvantage of the applicant is found to be his/her disability in certain aspects (McCuen, Sayles & Schnering, 2007). Considering the law on disability issues, the recruitment should proceed in an impartial manner. Adequate space should be provided for both disabled as well as non-disabled candidates with respect to measuring valuable skills and qualifications. Disabled individuals must be motivated in order to make them feel that their skills are worthy. In the recruitment process, there is a need for certifying the job description and principles on which the applicants are appraised to be appropriate. If any disabled applicant satis fies the minimum requirements of the job position, he/she must be invited for the interview process (Spratt, 2008). The decision with respect to recruiting for the position of tumor registry should be entirely based on the requirements of the job criteria rather than on the disabilities of the applicants. With regard to the tumor registrar job, it is related with the aspect of collecting and assessing information about patients’ diseases and conducting investigative trials and treatments. The task of tumor registrar is to maintain information of

Victory Spirit Essay Example for Free

Victory Spirit Essay William Safire and James Wood are two different people, with different ideas, different views, but do have similar writing styles. In William Safire’s â€Å"A Spirit Reborn† he talks about the Gettysburg Address in comparison to 9/11 and he also analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more depth and has a specific purpose for writing his article. On the other hand in James Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how President Obama flowed through different things, Wood also analyzes certain details of Obama’s speech, and offers some critique. â€Å"Now, as then, a national spirit rose from the ashes of destruction† (Safire 41). The Gettysburg Address was given after a horrible incident, with very tragic losses. By going through these destructive events, our nation becomes stronger, and more bonded together. After 9/11, the Gettysburg Address was reborn to bring us remembrance, togetherness and encouragement through tough times. In his essay, Safire states that 9/11 was â€Å"the worst bloodbath on our territory since Antietam Creek† (41). By bringing back past events such as the battle of Antietam, Safire probably strikes a lot of strong emotion from his readers by using it in comparison to 9/11. To reuse a speech such as the Gettysburg Address at a time such as after 9/11 was unlikely to be thought of, since they were two different events, 138 years apart. In Safire’s article in the New York Times, he analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more detail. He talks about how â€Å"you will hear the word dedicate five times† (Safire 42), and what each one of them stand for. For example, he says the first two refer to â€Å"the nation’s dedication to two ideals mentioned in the Declaration of Independence†¦ ‘Liberty’†¦ ‘that all men are created equal† (Safire 42). The third is pointed towards a certain blessing of the location of the battle of Gettysburg, and the fourth and fifth dedications are directed back to the thoughts of liberty and that all men are created equal, for which the deceased men of the battle fought for. Safire also notices that â€Å"the speech is grounded it conception, birth, death, and rebirth† (42). He mentions some specific quotes such as â€Å"The nation was ‘conceived in liberty’†¦ delivered into life – by ‘our fathers† (Safire 42). He also brings up death and re-birth by pulling more quotes from Lincoln’s memorable speech. Safire does not want us to â€Å"listen to only Lincoln’s famous words and comforting cadences† (43). Instead he wants us to remember the message Lincoln was giving to us, he wants us to appreciate the deceased and the missing, and wants to remind us that â€Å"this generation’s response to the deaths of thousands of our people leads to ‘a new birth of freedom† (Safire 43). â€Å"First he moved through the people†¦ Then he moved through the country†¦ then he moved through time† (Wood 611). The purpose Wood says for Obama doing this; was â€Å"to bind those wounds by binding us together† (611). By bringing people from different ages, orientation and gender, from different states and cities, Obama hopes to bring our nation back together as one nation. He also mentions how Ann Nixon Cooper, who is one hundred and six years old, had voted using just a finger, to show how the times have changed. Wood analyzes some details of Obama’s speech, such as how â€Å"Yes we can† changed to â€Å"Yes we did† and â€Å"Yes we may†. Noticing the impact those few words had on the crowd by saying it was â€Å"extraordinarily moving in its sobriety† (Wood 611). Wood also mentions how he added it to past tense, using a note of being uncertain. He also draws attention to Obama’s use of the word promise, after Obama says â€Å"I promise you – we as people will get there† in reference to a hard road to get to change. Wood says the word promise is used in acknowledgement to Martin Luther King’s speech from Memphis, King says â€Å"and I’ve seen the Promised Land, I may not get there with you† but Obama knows he will indeed get where we are going. In the beginning of Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how â€Å"last Tuesday night was a very good night for the English language† (610). Since James Wood is a critic, it is only fitting that he give some feed-back on Barrack Obama’s speech. He says that â€Å"many of us would have watched in tears as President-elect Obama had just thanked his campaign staff and shuffled off to bed† (Wood 610). Wood says that his speech was filled with such history and emotion, that if he just grumbled thanks, American would not be satisfied. In the end both Safire and Wood had analyzed two different speeches in depth, but Safire had a specific purpose for doing so, to bring emotion, while Wood critiqued. There were a lot of differences, but some similarities, not many, but some.

Political Anarchy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several arguments against philosophical anarchism. Most of the arguments are in line with either the theory that consent is not required or of the theory we have already consented. For the sake of being brief, this essay will attempt to refute only the latter of the two. Along with the idea of individual consent is the longstanding, traditional theory of the authority of God. Other arguments follow a less anarchist view and are that of tacit consent and more specifically that of majority consent. The idea that consent is essential for the legitimacy of political authority can be argued against in many ways. Traditionally, the argument that God gave government authority was valid and in accepting religion we accept this as well. If you rebel against this order, you rebel against God. It was reason enough for most people to stop questioning such authority. In the last few centuries, however, the idea of personal freedom and independence has shifted mainstream thinking to being skeptical of the religious premise of government. Just because you believe in God doesn’t mean that you believe he gives government authority over you. The rising political awareness in our societies is causing many people to wonder how much power our government should really have over us. Even if the argument of political authority by God still cannot be argued against, then what about those who do not believe in God? Are they expected to follow governmental authority just as everyone else when th ey do not believe a god gave authority to government? How does on reconcile that they do and still try to argue that everyone has consented in this way? Next, is the argument of tacit consent. Those upholding this argument say that we consent to government through some action such as voting, paying taxes, or even just by living in its territory. It even goes as far to saying that we consent simply by remaining silent. Does this mean that we consent to something when we choose an option that is forced upon us? We have more options than the ones given to us by the government. It’s just that they have the power to punish us if we don’t choose from their palette of choices. The fact that we make a choice does not necessarily make it voluntary. Can one say then that if someone believes they make a choice voluntarily it constitutes consent?

Career Management Week 4 Hrm 531

Career Management Plan HRM 531/ Human Capital Management Career Management Plan Introduction The Career management plan begins with the employee themselves. They are the key to their own success. ‘A career is not something that should be left to chance; instead, in the evolving world of work it should be shaped and managed more by the individual than by the organization. † (Grove, 1999). While it is important for the employee to manage their own career it is equally important for their managers to develop a career management plan to guide them within the organization.The employee may take this information and either develop from it or become stagnant. This paper will discuss different aspects of Career Management such as: feedback, how a manager will help employees reach higher levels of performance, opportunities for advancement to increase skills, flexible opportunities for dual-career parents, adaptation to team diversity and a justification of every member’s ca reer and how they will be handled along with the expected benefits and types of costs. Analysis FeedbackDevelopmental feedback should be given to each employee by their manager or supervisor. Feedback is defined as, â€Å"An employee performance appraisal is a process—often combining both written and oral elements—whereby management evaluates and provides feedback on employee job performance, including steps to improve or redirect activities as needed. † (Cascio, 2006, p 327). Feedback may be both positive and negative. Both should be presented to the employee. If negative feedback is offered the manager should be cautious and sensitive on the presentation of the material.There are different kinds of feedback that should be offered to the employee. The different periods that feedback may be offered in are; after thirty days of starting in the position, immediately as needed in a situation or regularly scheduled. New Employee Each new employee will be evaluated 3 0 days after their first day of working in the position. This feedback will allow the employee to see how they are performing to the job description of the position. It will also give the manager the information on how the employee is performing to the expectations of the position.If redirecting and review needs to take place, this is an important time in the career path of the employee. This sets the foundation for good employee habits. Immediate Feedback In a heightened situation a review and feedback should be done in a timely fashion or immediately as the situation requires. This allows the employee to redirect if necessary and build good work habits. While feedback cannot always be managed so quickly, this is the optimal solution. Immediate feedback should be in the manner of oral and written communication.The supervisor should counsel the employee and speak to the employee with immediate feedback, then follow up with written communication. The employee should then have the abi lity to respond to the supervisor in writing within thirty days. Scheduled feedback Feedback will be given to the employee on a scheduled basis. A review will be done both semi-annually and annually. The format for the semi-annual and annual appraisals will be the same. The goal of each manager will be to provide the employee important information on their performance. The appraisal will be non – biased and informational.The employee should be rated on their individual strengths, including: the quality of their work, knowledge of the job, communication between other members of the organization, work habits, job knowledge and the behaviors and relations with others. The feedback from the appraisal should show how the employee can improve their performance and the tools and resources they have available to improve their performance. After the feedback is presented to the employee in oral and written format, the employee will have thirty days to respond to the feedback.The manag ers or supervisors will then have thirty days to respond to the employees’ feedback. How a manager will help employees reach higher levels of Performance The basis of goal setting and the appraisal and feedback process is to assist the employee to reach higher levels of performance within their current position and to set the stage for future performance and growth. This performance may benefit our company or the employee may leave and take the skill sets they have learned with them.It is the job of the manager to assist the employee to gain higher levels of performance so that they will want to stay with our company. Cascio describes performance as, â€Å"A manager who defines performance ensures that individual employees or teams know what is expected of them, and that they stay focused on effective performance. † (Cascio, 2006, p 329). . How do we as managers accomplish this task? â€Å"By paying careful attention to three key elements: goals, measures, and assessm ent† (Cascio, 2006, p 329). Setting goals for employees sets the expectations that they will work toward.Cascio describes the goal setting process, â€Å"Set specific, challenging goals, for this clarifies precisely what is expected and leads to high levels of performance. On average, studies show, you can expect to improve productivity 10 percent by using goal setting. ’ (Cascio, 2006, p 330). The employees should have realistic and measureable goals. The more defined the goals are the easier they will be understood and be able to be assessed. These goals should align and incorporate the corporate objective of increasing market share and customer based sales. The measures and assessments are part of the appraisal and feedback process.Opportunities for Advancement Opportunities for advancement are largely dependent on the employee and their desire to meet and exceed the goals a manager has set for them. The long term goals for each person vary. It is a managers’ job to realistically discuss what the goals of each employee’s are. Individual goals vary from person to person. One goal for an upcoming salesperson may be to be a Sales Manager within five years. For an older person it may entirely different. Cascio describes an older person’s goal, â€Å"Late careers increasingly are defined in terms of phased retirement.In this new world, the ultimate goal is psychological success, the feeling of pride and personal accomplishment that comes from achieving your most important goals in life, be they achievement, family happiness, inner peace, or something else. † (Cascio, 2006, p 376). Options for Advancement Once individual goals are set, the manager may look at the various options available within the company to meet the needs of the employee. There are a variety of options available to the manager to meet the different goals of an employee. The goals may include upward or lateral moves within the company.To meet the indivi dual goals, training or retraining in different areas may be necessary. The employee may need to be challenged so that they do not become stagnant. The manger may identifying skill sets of the employee and suggest vacancies or positions within the company that would utilize the employees’ strengths to move upward. If the company adds a new market segment, retraining may be offered to current employees. The tuition reimbursement plan of $2000. 00 per employee per year allows the employee to have the company pay for further education at an accredited institution.The focus of the education must align with the employees’ position or future goals. The tuition reimbursement plan is part of the employees’ total compensation package. Other offerings to employees may be established if the manager identifies an unmet need that would benefit many employees. Flexible opportunities for Dual – Career Parents In current studies we see that â€Å"forty five percent of t he workforce is made up of dual- career couples. † (Cascio, 2006, p 379) The dual career couples and parents have presented to be a unique concern in our company.To meet the needs of this group we have offered a variety of opportunities to our employees. Flexible work hours have been established in departments that are not schedule based. Employees may use accrued compensation time to meet family needs. They appreciate work times that may tailored to their family needs. Since beginning this policy, we see that the turnover rate of dual career couples has decreased. Telework from home is allowed for approved employees. When employees are sick or have sick children they work from home, which has reduced company absenteeism.This has allowed employees the flexibility to meet the needs of their families while maintaining productivity. On-site daycare facilities have been established in many of our site locations. This allows parents to spend more time with their children. It has de creased absenteeism of parents. Reviews from parents with children in the company day care facilities have stated that they no longer have to take time off because of private care facilities closing during work days. In many instances productivity has increased because of these measures. The goals of a dual career couple employee may also be unique.The manager should be aware of any special concerns regarding lateral, upward or career relocations this may have for the employee. Adaptation to team diversity and a justification of every member’s career Our company has a combined workforce made up with a very diverse set of employees. There are new graduates directly out of high school and college that have little to no work experience. There are seasoned employees that have been with the company for a number of years. There are individuals from a variety of races that speak many different languages.Our workforce is comprised of nearly equal genders. We are a non-biased company that is utilizing each employee’s strengths. When a unique talent is needed in a specialized market we try to fill the position using the employee’s strong points. Culture differences and fluency in different languages is definitely a plus in our company. An example of the current views on cultures shows that most companies are trying to diversify their workforce. â€Å"We feel it’s important to have employees who represent all walks of life from many diverse cultural backgrounds. (Burden, Octo) We have recently marketed to the Health Care industry in a Spanish speaking region. We have realigned the Spanish speaking sales representative and customer support to these accounts. Productivity and sales have increased three times in the account. Participation in these market segments is voluntary and should be part of the personal goals of the employee. Bonuses and salary increases of five percent will be given to bilingual employees that work in these diverse marke t segments. Bias toward any particular group of people will not be tolerated.Justify the report and the expected benefits and types of costs. The process of appraising, rating and feedback allows for clear and concrete goal setting. The cost of the process and employee offerings far outweighs the cost of doing a mediocre job of employee development and career planning. With concise goals and managers that assist in employee development a strong workforce is being developed within the company. There are many benefits to assisting employees with their career plans. We have a workforce that is staying with the company for longer period of times, more nowledgeable about many departments within the company and more loyal. We have workers that are telecommuting, getting more work done at home than at the office. These are just some of the benefits of career planning. There are also many costs that are avoided with having a stronger workforce. These costs are associated with the lack of em ployee development and career planning. Employee retention and turnover is one of the largest costs to a company. In an industry average we see that employee turnover has a great impact. These calculations will easily reach 150% of the employee’s annual compensation figure. The cost will be significantly higher (200% to 250% of annual compensation) for managerial and sales positions. † (Bliss, May) Retraining employees to work in another department allows them to share and expand their knowledge and eventually make for a stronger company. â€Å"While it is true that sales and other financial statistics determine the success of a company, what most people overlook is the fact that employees are among the most important determinants of the success of a company. (Icles, Apri). Conclusion This paper has shown the process of feedback, how managers may assist employees to reach a higher level of performance, a discussion on lateral and upward advancement, dual – coupl e careers, diversity and the benefits and types of costs of having a career plan. It has been seen that having goals that are derived from an appraisal may start the employee on a career plan. While the employee is ultimately responsible for developing their own career, their manager will play a significant role in modeling the way for that development.Developing a career management plan for employees has associated costs, but we have seen that the benefits outweigh these costs. These benefits are retention of happier, more productive and loyal employees. It appears that career management planning is the way to go for any company. References Bliss, W. G. (May 9, 2010). Cost of Employee Turnover. Retrieved from http://www. isquare. com/turnover. cfm Burden, M. (October 15,2010) Flint Journal – Michigan Business Flourish Because of Bilingual Workers. Retrieved from

Dramatic irony in Of Mice and Men Essay

The major irony in Of Mice and Men is that George kills Lennie because of their friendship. George kills Lennie to spare him from a worse death. George complained about Lennie and his defects, but realizes his importance only after his death. Once Lennie is dead, George loses the weight of responsibility Lennie caused him, but he is also lonely. Also, Lennie and George’s dream to own their own farm that is carried out throughout the novel dissapears with Lennie’s death. George and Lennie dream of owning a little farm of ten acres with a windmill, a little shack, an orchard and many animals. The dream keeps them going and makes their work easier but also solidifies their friendship. The dream that leads them on will die with Lennie’s death. The dream of Lennie and George is one of the types of American Dream popular in American fiction. Their dream is that of wealth and land, the desire for a home, and to work their own land. For Lennie in particular it is to have responsibility for once, to look after the rabbits, and to finally have a sense of self worth. Yet the irony in Of Mice and Men is that the dream seems a mirage, it will not be achieved. George and Lennie try to deny their social class and role in the world, but the outcome will prove this dream to be unreachable. George and Lennie only own their arms and the friendship between them. Lennie’s retardation causes irony in the novel. Despite the fact that Lennie is fundamentally good, a grown child, he harms those that surround him. This can be seen when he kills the mouse because he stroked it too hard. Yet, the killing of the mouse was caused by his affection for it, and his liking its soft fur. Similarly, he kills the puppy, and eventually Curley’s wife. All these acts occur not due to hatred or the intentional desire to harm, but due to his childish affection, and love for the mouse, the puppy and Curley’s wife. Lennie is simply too slow to realize his own strength and his retardation is the cause of his death. Despite the fact George tried to keep him out of trouble, Lennie eventually puts himself in a situation from which he cannot be saved. All Lennie can do is kill him to avoid him a worse fate. Ironically, it is also love that causes Lennie’s death. George kills him to save him from linching. And once again, their is irony in George’s situation  at the end of the book. Despite the weight Lennie was to his friend, because of to his mental retardation, George is alone and lonely at the end of the novel. Through these feelings he realizes the worth of his friendship with Lennie, that was greater than the problems caused by his retardation but that still caused his death. Loneliness troubles many characters in Of Mice and Men, including Candy, Crooks, Curley’s wife, and Slim. Their desire for human company makes them human and makes George and Lennie unselfish and good in their friendship that is stronger than their social condition. In Of Mice and Men, the fundamental irony is that no matter how elaborately George and Lennie plan their future, and regardless of how strongly they hope and dream their plan wil not happen. George and Lennie are forced to work the land of others, dreaming for the day they will own their own farm. They work hard to reach their dream, yet the effects of Lennie’s retardation, despite him being good, will cause them not to achieve their dream. George and Lennie’s friendship is what makes them unique, yet did not stop their sad destiny. Despite the fact that Lennie is a weight for George, George always ends up defending him but cannot do anything to save him in the end and his forced to kill him. He kills him for love and this is another element of irony in Of Mice and Men. But once Lennie is dead, George is lonely and despite his attachement to his dream of owning a farm he has to realize his dream has died with Lennie, because it was their dream, not his own.

frederick douglass character sketch essays

frederick douglass character sketch essays Frederick Douglass personality is shown in a few different ways in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. His book was an in-depth look into the life of a slave in the mid 1800s. It helped people get a better view of how slaves were treated, on gave fuel to the Abolitionist fire. Frederick Douglass Narrative was a first person historical account of slavery. Since it is an account written by him, it helps us today to see slavery without exaggeration or Government re-written history books. This book is also a documentation of Douglass life. So it gives us a good look at Douglass thoughts, feeling, and personality. Frederick Douglass character is comprised mainly of his independence, his perseverance, and his intelligence. Throughout the book, Frederick Douglass shows himself to be independent. Young Frederick took it upon himself to learn how to read. Even though he received help from the local childrens books, he really did the teaching himself, which is something that he couldnt do unless he had independence. When Douglass got into the fight at the docks, he took on the whole group alone. Had he gotten the help of other slaves there, he might not have been hurt so horribly. The book, of course, leads to his literal independence: his escape from slavery. Douglass whole life leads up to his escape, from he day he learns to read until the fight with Mr. Covey. Throughout his life, Douglass acted independently, but it was his perseverance that was a big factor in his escape. Perseverance was another one of Douglass good character building qualities. Even as he was independently learning to read, he had to persevere to make sure that he actually did. Since he could only get lessons during his free time, it took him awhile to learn to read; so if he hadnt persevered throughout this period, h ...

Definition and Examples of Writers Block

Definition and Examples of Writers Block    Writers block is a condition in which a skilled writer with the desire to write finds herself unable to write. The expression writers block was coined and popularized by American psychoanalyst Edmund Bergler in the 1940s.In other ages and cultures, says Alice Flaherty in The Midnight Disease, writers were not thought to be blocked but straightforwardly dried up. One literary critic points out that the concept of writers block is peculiarly American in its optimism that we all have creativity just waiting to be unlocked.See Examples and Observations below. Also see: 12 Quick Tips for Beating Writers BlockWriters on Writing: Overcoming Writers BlockComposing My First College Essay, by Sandy KlemHow to Avoid Writing, by Robert BenchleyHow to Write 2,500 Words Before Breakfast Every DayJohn McPhees Remedy for Writers BlockRobert Pirsig on Overcoming Writers BlockA Trick for Overcoming Writers Block and Getting Into a Writing Frame of MindWriters on Writing: The Myth of Inspiration Examples and Observations You dont know what it is to stay a whole day with your head in your hands trying to squeeze your unfortunate brain so as to find a word.(Gustave Flaubert, 1866)Why is suffering a major criterion for writers block? Because someone who is not writing but not suffering does not have writers block; he or she is merely not writing. Such times may instead be fallow periods for the development of new ideas, periods Keats famously described as delicious diligent indolence.(Alice W. Flaherty, The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writers Block, and the Creative Brain. Houghton Mifflin, 2004)Although it can be triggered by any number of internal or external stimuli, the vital function that writers block performs during the creative process remains constant: inability to write means that the unconscious self is vetoing the program demanded by the conscious ego.(Victoria Nelson, On Writers Block. Houghton Mifflin, 1993)I think writers block is simply the dread that you are going to write som ething horrible.(Roy Blount, Jr.) William Staffords Remedy for Writers BlockI believe that the so-called writing block is a product of some kind of disproportion between your standards and your performance. . . .Well, I have a formula for this that may just be a gimmicky way of explaining it. Anyway, it goes like this: one should lower his standards until there is no felt threshold to go over in writing. It’s easy to write. You just shouldn’t have standards that inhibit you from writing.(William Stafford, Writing the Australian Crawl. University of Michigan Press, 1978) Eminem on Writers BlockFallin asleep with writers block in the parking lot of McDonalds,But instead of feeling sorry for yourself do something about it.Admit you got a problem, your brain is clouded, you pouted long enough.(Eminem, Talkin 2 Myself. Recovery, 2010) Stephen King on Writers Block- There may be a stretch of weeks or months when it doesnt come at all; this is called writers block. Some writers in the throes of writers block think their muses have died, but I dont think that happens often; I think what happens is that the writers themselves sow the edges of their clearing with poison bait to keep their muses away, often without knowing they are doing it. This may explain the extraordinarily long pause between Joseph Hellers classic novel Catch-22 and the follow-up, years later. That was called Something Happened. I always thought that what happened was Mr. Heller finally cleared away the muse repellent around his particular clearing in the woods.(Stephen King, The Writing Life. The Washington Post, October 1, 2006)- [M]y son, fed up with hearing me complain and whine about my illness, gave me a present for Christmas, Stephen King’s On Writing. . . . The simple theme of this remarkable book is if you really want to write, then shut yourself in a room, close the door, and WRITE. If you don’t want to write, do something else.(Mary Garden, Writers Block. Absolute Write, 2007) The Trick[Y]ou dont want to face the blank page. Youll do anything to avoid writing. Youll go clean your toilet before you write. So I finally figured it out. Ive done the most writing this year because of a trick Ive figured out. . . . The trick is you gotta find something worse than writing. [Laughing] Thats it. Thats the trick.(Robert Rodriguez, quoted by Charles Ramirez Berg in The Mariachi Aesthetic Goes to Hollywood. Robert Rodriguez: Interviews, ed. by Zachary Ingle. University Press of Mississippi, 2012) The Lighter Side of Writers Block[Writing is] brutal, slogging work, comparable to coal mining, but harder. You never hear coal miners complaining about Coal Miners Block, wherein, try as they might, they simply cant bring themselves to mine another piece of coal. Whereas this kind of tragedy befalls novelists all the time, which is why so many of them are forced to quit working altogether and become university professors.(Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010)

The Power of Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Power of Branding - Essay Example The researcher of this essay discusses the topic of branding and uses Nokia brand for example. He states that Nokia's brand is now the 11th powerful brand in the world, and some marketing specialist have somewhat sarcastically recommended that maybe Finland should try to somehow link up with the brand name of Nokia to improve the brand name of the country of Finland. Nokia was able to achieve with strong marketing strategies, which is evolving even now. The key strategy Nokia incorporated while designing its models is that they should pay attention to even the finest details, which could enhance the ease of use for the customer as well as enhance customizable preferences. The other strategy was to introduce phones which could also be a style accessory. â€Å"The insight that the handset could be a stylish fashion accessory, rather than merely a communication tool, allowed Nokia to lead the trends and direction of the entire handset.† The researcher states that this strong mark eting strategy to come up with products that suits customer’s preferences and importantly giving new perspectives and purposes to the customers with new designs, only enabled Nokia to leapfrog over its competitors. This is in direct contrast to Ericsson and Motorola, that not taking quick strides while moving from analog to digital phones, Nokia became leader in the handset market by 1998 itself. The researcher then concluds that now, with its superior marketing strategies and a strong and powerful brand, Nokia is able to sustain that position.

Social Entreprenuerism Case Study 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Entreprenuerism Case Study 3 - Coursework Example Social entrepreneurs focus on achieving social, cultural and environmental objectives hence it appeals volunteers and charitable organizations. This study gives an account of OneWorld Health organization that produces and supply drugs to poor people across the world who otherwise continues to die of curable illnesses, but with no drugs to cure those diseases (Dees and Elkington, n.d). The focus of the study is how such organizations are established, how they raise funds to finance their activities and difficulties they encounter while dealing with their clients. OneWorld Health Company is a United States based pharmaceutical organization that manufactures and supplies drugs to the needy people in the society (Dees and Elkington, n.d). This organization was the first charitable organization to be established with an objective of providing drugs to cure diseases of the poor people at an affordable price. The idea of establishing such as organization was based on the reasoning that there are specific diseases affecting poor people and yet they are not prevalent in developed nations. Therefore, Hale thought that such diseases are only found among the people who could not afford to buy drugs that could cure such diseases. According to Dees and Elkington, (n.d), Hale also realized that many healthcare providers such as universities and other research institutions have a capacity and desire to assist the needy people in the society to solve their problems. Such institutions have expertise, which they desire to use in helping the needy people in the society. However, there was a problem regarding the company through which the experts could grant their assistance to the needy people in the society. This is because, the only existing institutions are business oriented that have motives for generating wealth. Therefore, this makes it